Tuesday, March 10, 2020

RPL Writing Services for positive assessment



Recognition of prior learning is an assessment process for ICT graduates who don't have the least capabilities satisfied. With the developing age of innovation, relocation to Australia resembles a style. Numerous individuals effectively get their visas to Australia, few out of every odd one of them succeeds. RPL planning is an extreme assignment. Candidates applying for RPL must be from an ICT foundation and should have proper knowledge about the field they have qualified.



RPL report shows what abilities you have procured during your academic years. The ACS society additionally ensures you are straightforward with your experience, as expressed. ACS society requires candidates to give two projects they have finished in the recent 3-4 years. Whereas a vital issue emerges here. The RPL draft preparation needs help from experts. A little slip-up can prompt dismissal. ACS RPL Report will provide 24-hour service until you get a positive evaluation. Being involved in this industry, it observes the principles and guidelines as inferred by the ACS society. Your RPL report configuration ought to be managed. You should invent your original plans to show your critical thinking abilities.

 Rules to put in mind
1.    Follow ACS rules

On the off chance that you are going to compose your RPL report all alone, follow legitimate rules, so you don't get dismissed in your first attempt. Deal with a suitable draft of the report before concluding it. Your report ought to be free from plagiarism and ought to mirror your hard work.

2.    Proper utilization of language, sentences, spellings

It is significant to remember the best possible use of sentence structure. RPL report is critical, and any uncertainty will diminish your opportunity of getting acknowledged by the ACS society.

Why look for Acsrplreport.com?

With an endorsement pace of about 97% from the ACS society, we promise you our administration will fulfil your prerequisites. With a group of specialists having years of experience about RPL reports, they will help you until you get your 100% positive outcome. You should give your academic reports, and they will oversee it as needs be. We encourage you to leave your report preparation work to the specialists. There is an opportunity of dismissal if you don't follow appropriate rules.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Benefits of RPL Report for ICT Applicants



There are wide ranges of possibilities for the ICT candidates in this growing technological field. Australian Immigration Department is opening the door for applicants in search of a bright future. Candidates need to submit a report to check their qualifications. If the requirements are not enough, they need to provide an additional report known as RPL. Applicants are setting themselves up with appropriate abilities on composing an RPL report. The acknowledgement from the ACS relies upon how well they write their report. Writing an RPL report will enable the possibility to develop their capabilities.

Recognition of Prior Learning will help you in filling your academic qualifications. It prepares you to handle future issues and get into big organizations for your overall growth. The advantage of RPL incorporates managing documentation that improves your writing abilities. The work field is severe, and candidates are making a decent attempt to get their place. With years of hard works, applicants can get in quickly. Companies look for capabilities in high demand. They need you to be regularly updated with the skills. These skills can be created throughout setting up your RPL report. Alongside overall growth, candidates will be presented to better work opportunity from prestigious organizations.
You can likewise choose RPL writing agencies. Acsrplreport will help you to manage your report based on your evaluation until you get a positive outcome. The possibility of endorsement will be most significant given that experts audit your statements. We have a group of specialists in the field. They will help you through the lengthy procedure.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

How do we review your RPL report?


Australian Computer Society has given a stage to skilled professions to work, live, and stay here in Australia. Australia is profoundly in need of ICT specialists to satisfy the joblessness rate. The advancement of the country relies upon the number of qualified applicants. Consistently a huge number of talented applicants relocate here looking for a superior lifestyle.

You might wonder migrating to Australia is easy. But the reality includes a ton of tolerance and direction from experts. The ICT experts need to experience skill assessment to qualify. On the off chance that the capability isn't sufficient as per the ACS prerequisites, they need to present an RPL report. Small errors can prompt dismissal. So we encourage you to take professional assistance in setting up your ACS RPL report. We have a group of experts with long stretches of involvement in the field that will assist you with your report.

How do specialists help survey the report?

Our group of experts are well-informed with the ACS rules. You need to present a point by point portrayal of career episode with adequate support in applying the guaranteed ICT information. Additionally, the project finished within three years, and another undertaking over the past five years ought to be recorded. Our specialists will survey the report and oversee it as per the configuration.

There is a specific method for composing the report. It relies upon the selection of words, sentences, and the impression they make couldn't be put off. They know what should be kept and what needs to be removed. RPL specialists audit each line for blunders in the language utilized, their understandings, interpretations, and peculiarity.

The report experiences a progression of editing and alters. They are checked for counterfeited substances to avoid dismissals. Acsrplreport helps you in preparing your RPL report without any hassle. 

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Reasons for Migrating to Australia as an ICT Professions



Australia provides a wide range of opportunities for ICT professionals. With technological advancement, businesses have realized the vital value of ICT professionals. They are trying to bring in more of the IT professionals from all around the world. Even the government is putting effort into its ICT infrastructure to improve its growth. Improvement and demand in the ICT sector will attract more people to retain their talents. Digitization in business, bringing in the cloud for storage, the importance of cybersecurity is adding up significance to how we used to view data and where it led us.
Australia still lacks skilled workers in various fields. With a powerful economic state and a need for workers, Australia can be the best choice for you to find a new job, study and even live there permanently.

Career Opportunity

 The industry numbers are increasing in number as the economy grows. With the increasing demands, companies are providing various employment opportunities to skilled migrants. With a balanced work-life environment, Australia offers new opportunities to explore themselves. High paying jobs, lack of skilled workers to fill in the available positions, Australia is considered the best option.

Healthcare Facilities

The Australian government provides free health care services through Medicare. It is an efficient and effective way that helps cover the primary health for all Australians, along with private healthcare facilities. Visitors can access Medicare with the reciprocal agreement in certain countries.

Financial stability:

 Multicultural Society:
Australia offers a unique culture from all around the world. Almost half of its populations are from different corners of the world.  One of the significant reasons is its immigrants and Australia’s rich cultural diversity.

Permanent residency:

After completing specific requirements, one can apply for permanent residency. With PR, they are given facilities similar to that of an Australian citizen with health benefits. Babies born to the PR can apply for citizenship.

Security:

With minimum crime rates as compared to other countries, it is considered the safest place to live. The generous nature of Australian makes it easier to reside here.

Quality education:

Australia provides a quality education system approved in every part of the world. There are many reputed universities for the sake of quality education. The Australian government offers free education facilities to the primary and secondary levels.

Monday, February 3, 2020

Top 5 ICT jobs in Australia



The new era of technology requires candidates to come up with innovative ideas for business. It demands candidates to be able to solve complex problems and provide feasible solutions.  Technology plays a vital role in bringing changes to develop products and services that are in trends. Many business companies are starting to invest in these IT trends to be competitive in the market.
Thousands of people migrate to Australia from every corner of the world. The main motto is to get a job and settle here for a bright future. Australia’s immigration policy allows non-Australians to move to Australia and work there. However, getting a skilled migration visa is a long, challenging process. Many skilled professions from ICT fields apply for the skilled migration program. ICT program is not limited to just one field. It has a vast range of faculties. The increasing demands of IT skills are urging skilled workers to migrate to Australia, which will eventually level up their lifestyle. Here are the top five emerging ICT fields that are in huge demand.
1.      Database administrator
The database administrator is responsible for managing the data of a company. They make sure the company can use the content whenever required. This job also includes solving complex issues regarding security measures. Demand for a database administrator is increasing and will spike 11% up to the year 2026.
·         Design and maintain various data structures, tables, architectures, etc. to maintain the level of accuracy.
·         Provide measures for data backups, recovery, and maintain tight security to avoid data breaches.

2.      Software and Application Programmer
Their task is to develop, test, and maintain program code as per the user requirements and system needs. Demand for software and application programmer will increase by the year 2020. According to job outlook, the number of applicants in this sector has spiked over five years. The number is expected to grow even more by the year 2026.
·         Research, consult, analyze, and evaluate the system as per the program requirement
·         Help identify technology limitations in the procedures and methods applied.

3.      Network analyst
Network analyst maintain the network components and provide network support to solve various network connectivity issues. They are also responsible for monitoring hardware and software upgrades, including operating systems and applications.
·         Evaluate sophisticated system design, modules for the development of a system.
·         Analyze and monitor infrastructures to ensure network connectivity.

4.      IT Manager
IT Managers bridges the gap between technology and business development. Their task is to create new ideas on how to grow business and benefits users through the use of technology. The demands for IT managers will grow as businesses expand their operations to a digital platform.
·         Provide proper business plan specifying technology to meet the user requirements
·         Provide appropriate plans, policies, and strategies to overcome possible future technical complications.

5.      Web developer
Web developers mainly focus on designing websites and other technical aspects. Web developer jobs are expected to grow at a rate of 13% over ten years.
  • Develop websites that reflect creativity, along with the use of scripting languages and programming techniques.
  • Design presentations, videos, animations, and games, using multimedia tools, programming languages, and graphs.

You can opt-out for various other ICT professions. The scope of the ICT fields is increasing rapidly. Other professions like software developers, analyst programmers, web administrators, ICT quality assurance, etc. and much more travel Australia to work, live and study.  

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Australia visa renewal – Extend your stay


Australia offers a differing scope of learning and study chances to overseas students. Australia has the third-largest number of international students in the world. Every year, there is a massive flow of international students in Australia for study purposes. Australia’s visa lasts for a specific period.  If candidates prefer to extend their stay, they need to prepare beforehand for their visa renewal. The essential points to be considered are listed below:

Required Documents

After the visa comes to an expiration date, most of the students apply for a permanent residence. There are many visa options that make you eligible for a permanent residency visa. You must have all the required documents ready.
a) English competency proof
  • Academic qualification records
  • Evidence of meeting health and character requirements
  • Evidence of work experience (if any)
  • The positive skill assessment document (if required)
b) Total Points earned
You need to score points more than 65 as per the rule. You can calculate your point on SkillSelect points table. For example, the maximum points for a software engineer are 75, according to the immigration department. It depends on your occupation on how much points you need to apply for a permanent residency.
  • Occupation
  • Academic qualifications
  • English Language proficiency
  • Work experience if any

Apply for Subclass – 485 Temporary Graduate Visa

Applicants can apply for a temporary graduate visa after their visa expiration. This visa allows them to live, study, and work in Australia temporarily after the completion of their recent educational degrees from Australia.
  • Graduate Work Stream (valid for 18 months)
  • Post-Study Work Stream (valid from 2 to 4 years)
If your occupation and skills are listed on the Skilled Occupation List, then a temporary graduate visa is an excellent pathway.
With the given period of temporary visas, gain as much professional experience as you can to earn more points for permanent residency in Australia. As the addition of one-year work experience will grant 5 points. Once you have your temporary visa- 485 issued, you won’t be able to apply for it again.

Professional Year Program

This program is for overseas students who graduated in the field of computer science, engineering, and accounting from Australian University. You can gain new experiences and skills through this program. It will eventually help you in getting 5 points after the completion of the professional year program.

Job Ready Program

Another factor that will help you in getting your permanent visa application is a job-ready program. Trade Recognition Australia (TRA) provides a Job Ready Program allowing overseas students to gain qualifications and experience in their relevant field.

Employer-Sponsored Visa

If an employer is willing to nominate you for your skills, you can apply for an employer sponsor visa. Given that your employer is an Australian.

Seek professional assistance

In case of confusion, you can always rely on professional help. Acsrplreport.com is providing expert advice for your further inquiry.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Migrate to Australia as an ICT professional


With the globally increasing needs of skilled workers, Australia is inviting skilled immigrants to work, study, and live there. Australia’s goal is to improve economic growth and compete with other developed nations. Many businesses are improving their productivity along with the adaptation to new technologies. It will directly increase the demands of IT professions. The Australian Government announced reforms to Australia’s temporary and permanent skilled visa programs on 18 April 2017. The Skilled Occupation List (SOL) was replaced by a combined list containing the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL), Short-term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL), and Regional Occupation List (ROL).

ICT Professions on the Skilled Occupations List (SOL)

1. Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL)
The occupations on medium and long-term skilled occupation lists are eligible for a temporary visa. They have the pathways to a permanent residency through employer sponsorship, state sponsorship, or skilled independent.
  • ICT business analyst – 261111
  • System analyst – 261112
  • Multimedia specialist – 261211
  • Analyst programmer – 261311
  • Developer programmer – 261312
  • Software engineers – 261313
  • Software and applications programmers (NEC) – 261399
  • ICT security specialist – 262112
  • Computer network and systems engineer – 263111
2. Short-term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL)
The occupation on short-term skilled occupation list is limited to a temporary visa. They don’t necessarily have a pathway to permanent residency. There might be some states offering PR through state sponsorship, with additional criteria to be met.
  • ICT project manager – 135112
  • ICT project manager – 135112
  • ICT managers (NEC) – 135199
  • ICT trainer – 223211
  • Web developer – 261212
  • Software tester – 261314
  • Database administrator – 262111
  • Systems administrator – 262113
  • Network administrator – 263112
  • Network analyst – 263113
  • ICT Quality assurance engineer – 263211
  • ICT support engineer – 26212
  • ICT systems test engineer – 263213
  • ICT support and test engineers (NEC) – 263299
  • Web administrator – 313113
All the skill assessments are handled by the Australia Computer Society (ACS). To qualify for skilled migration to Australia, you should choose an occupation from the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL). However, if you are applying for skilled migration via nomination by a State or Territory Government, you have the choice of designating an occupation from the Short-term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL).
General skilled migration (GSM) is the path for skilled workers to migrate to Australia. The applicants must meet the requirements to qualify for the visa.

Understanding which Occupation List to use

  • If applying for a General Skilled Migration visa and you are not nominated by the state or territory government, you must choose an occupation from MLTSSL.
  • If applying for a General Skilled Migration visa and you are nominated by the state or territory government, you must choose an occupation from STSOL.
 Difference between MLTSS and STSOL
Medium and long-term strategic skills list is for overseas skilled workers to fill the critical skills in occupation for up to four years, with eligibility to apply for PR after three years.
Short-term skilled occupation list is for overseas skilled workers to fill in the occupation for two years with the possibility of extending an additional two years with no eligibility to apply for PR.

Visa Pathways for IT Professionals

ICT experts on the MLTSSL occupation list should consider the General Skilled Visa, including subclass 189, 190, and the new temporary Regional Skilled Visa Subclass 491. Occupations on the short-term list may only be considered for the state nominated visa subclass 190 and/or for the new visa Subclass 491 if on the relevant state occupation lists.
Due to the high demand for IT professionals by the Australian community, the employer-sponsored pathway is also available.

Skills Assessment for IT Professionals

Like every single other occupation, to be considered for a general skilled visa, IT experts are required to acquire a positive skills assessment from the Australian Computer Society (ACS) as the very first step to go through the skilled visa application process.

Monday, January 13, 2020

SkillSelect to make an Expression of Interest (EOI)


Candidates (skilled workers or business persons) are required to submit an EOI online using SkillSelect if they want to migrate to Australia. EOI is not a visa application, and there are no charges to submit in the SkillSelect. EOIs are valid for two years. You are required to update your information if your circumstances change. If you receive an invitation to lodge a visa application, you cannot edit your EOI. EOI is updated for the following purpose.
  • Gained new work experience, high qualification
  • Improved English language ability
  • Family make up has changed
These changes will affect your points score and improve your ranking. False or misleading information may lead to refusal of the application. Similarly, your EOI will be removed from the SkillSelect if you don’t lodge your application in response to either of the received two invitations.

Step 1: Create an EOI in SkillSelect

Fill in the personal details required to create your account.
  1. Name and family name
  2. Date of birth
  3. Country
  4. Gender
  5. Passport and citizenship details
  6. Place of residency
  7. Relationship status
Confirm the information with valid email and password. You will be provided with an EOI identification number via email. It is needed for login purposes later on.

Step 2: Sign in

With the provided login credential and identification number, you can log in to SkillSelect. Fill in each section with correct information. You can save your details and come back to it anytime.

Step 3: Visa type

Pick the type of visa application that is applicable. More than one visa can be selected.

Step 4: English Language test details

The type of English language test undertook must be listed. It may include the date of examination, test reference number and test scores.

Step 5: Education and qualification details

It includes the details about your education history and qualifications as:
  • Qualification name
  • Course name
  • Institution name / Country
  • Start and end date of the study

Step 6: Skills Assessment

You are required to provide your skills assessment information by the assessing authority for your nominated occupation.
  • Name of your nominated occupation
  • Name of the assessing authority
  • Date of your completed skills assessment
  • Reference number provided by the assessing authority

Step 7: Employment History

Employment history from the last ten years with the following details included:
  • Position Title
  • Employer name
  • Country
  • Start date and end date of employment
  • Position related to the nominated occupation
  • Claiming points for the position

Step 8: Review and Declarations

Double-check the information you’ve entered, read and tick each declaration. Review your final application before submitting it.

Step 9: Download your Expression of Interest

You can download a PDF Document of your Expression of interest and also a pdf of your points breakdown.

Processing Time for visa classes 189, 190 and 489

Australia Visa Processing Time 2020


Processing Time for visa classes 189, 190 and 489 can vary depending on individual circumstances. 

Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)

With the skilled independent visa 189, you can study, work, and stay anywhere in Australia. You can also sponsor your family members. The candidate holding this visa can travel to and from Australia for a given period of 5 years.
Conditions applied:
You must not marry or enter a de facto relationship before entering Australia. Your visa will get cancelled if the agency finds out you were engaged, married or in a de facto relationship before they granted the visa and didn’t mention it in your application.
How long can you stay?
Since this is a permanent visa, it lets you stay in Australia indefinitely. You can travel to and from Australia for five years till the expiry date. Candidates, if eligible can eventually become Australian citizens.
Family members
You can include your family members while lodging your visa application. The family members are required to meet the health and character requirements. Reasons for not including your partner or dependent child must be specified.
Total cost
The total cost for the main application is AUD 4,045. They also charge for each family member applying along with you. You might have to pay extra for any applicant 18 years old or older with incompetent functional English which ought to be paid once the visa is granted. The second instalment charge for a family member is AUD 4,885. You might need to pay for health checks, police reports, and biometrics which is not included in the second instalment.
Processing times
The processing time for visa processing can vary depending on individual circumstances such as:
  • Regardless of lodging the application including all the supporting documents
  • Response to the request for additional documents.
  • Time taken to review the additional information
  • Time taken to review the reports by external agencies regarding the health, character, and national security prerequisites
  • Number of places available in the migration program for permanent migration visa application
Travel
You can travel in and out of Australia as many times as you want for five years. After the expiry, to re-enter Australia as a permanent resident, you will need a Resident Return visa (155 or 157).

 Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)

With the skilled nominated visa 190, you can study, work, and stay anywhere in Australia. You can also sponsor your family members. The candidate holding this visa can travel to and from Australia for a given period of 5 years.
Conditions applied:
  1. You must enter Australia before the date specified in the grant letter.
  2. You must not marry or enter a de facto relationship before entering Australia. Your visa will get cancelled if the agency finds out you were engaged, married or in a de facto relationship before they granted the visa and didn’t mention it in your application.
How long can you stay?
Since this is a permanent visa, it lets you stay in Australia indefinitely. You can travel to and from Australia for five years till the expiry date. Candidates, if eligible can eventually become Australian citizens.
Family members
You can include your family members while lodging your visa application. The family members are required to meet the health and character requirements. Reasons for not including your partner or dependent child must be specified.
Total cost
The total cost for the main application is AUD 4,045. They also charge for each family member applying along with you. You might have to pay extra for any applicant 18 years old or older with incompetent functional English which ought to be paid once the visa is granted. The second instalment charge for a family member is AUD 4,885. You might need to pay for health checks, police reports, and biometrics which is not included in the second instalment.
Processing times
The processing time for visa processing can vary depending on individual circumstances such as:
  • Regardless of lodging the application including all the supporting documents
  • Response to the request for additional documents.
  • Time taken to review the additional information
  • Time taken to review the reports by external agencies regarding the health, character, and national security prerequisites
  • Number of places available in the migration program for permanent migration visa application
Travel
You can travel in and out of Australia as many times as you want for five years. After the expiry, to re-enter Australia as a permanent resident, you will need a Resident Return visa (155 or 157).

Skilled Regional visa (subclass 489)

With the skilled regional visa 489, you can study, work, and stay in the specified region of Australia. The candidate holding this visa can travel to and from Australia until the visa expires.
Conditions applied:
  1. You must not marry or enter a de facto relationship before entering Australia. Your visa will get cancelled if the agency finds out you were engaged, married or in a de facto relationship before they granted the visa and didn’t mention it in your application.
  2. You must live, study and work in an area specified as a regional or low-population growth metropolitan of Australia.
  3. You must live, study, and work in the designated area while in Australia. If you hold more than one visa that is subjected to this condition, the designated area that was in action when the first of those visas were granted will apply.
Specified Region
  1. Nominated by a State or Territory government agency
If your visa was granted before November 16th 2019, you would need to work, live and study only in a regional and low population growth metropolitan area. This applies to the family members who are the holders of the visa. Whereas for the visa granted after 16th November 2019, will need to live, study, and work in a designated regional area.
  1. Sponsored by an eligible relative
The applicants would live, study and work in a specified area of Australia even if the visa was granted after 16th November 2019. This applies to the family members that are the holders of the visa.
How long can you stay?
Since this is a temporary visa, it lets you stay in Australia for four years. You can travel to and from Australia till the expiry date. You cannot extend this visa to overstay in Australia.
Family members
You can include your family members while lodging your visa application. The family members are required to meet the health and character requirements. Reasons for not including your partner or dependent child must be specified.
Total cost
The total cost for the main application is AUD 4,045. They also charge for each family member applying along with you. You might have to pay extra for any applicant 18 years old or older with incompetent functional English which ought to be paid once the visa is granted. The second instalment charge for a family member is AUD 4,890.
You might need to pay for health checks, police reports, and biometrics which is not included in the second instalment.
Processing times
The processing time for visa processing can vary depending on individual circumstances such as:
  • Regardless of lodging the application including all the supporting documents
  • Response to the request for additional documents.
  • Time taken to review the additional information
  • Time taken to review the reports by external agencies regarding the health, character, and national security prerequisites
  • Number of places available in the migration program for permanent migration visa application
Travel
You can travel in and out of Australia as many times as you want while the visa is valid. The time spent outside Australia will not extend your visa.
Note: With the introduction to the Skilled Work Regional visa (491), the subclass visa (489) invited pathway will be closed for a new application on 16th November 2019.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Australia PR Points 2020 – 189, 190, 489 Visa




Australia has one of the most straightforward immigration processes. Every year, many skilled professionals move to Australia on a PR visa. Minimum points for Australia PR Skillset 189 (points-based) or 190 (State Sponsored Visa) is 65 in 2020-2021. The basic requirements to get an Australian PR includes two significant factors.
  1. Minimum of 65 points
  2. IELTS score with a minimum of 7 or 7+ bands
  3. Your profile on Australia’s demand list

Visa classes
Subclass 189 – Skilled Independent Visa
Subclass 190 – Skilled Nominated Program
Subclass 489 – Territory nomination
Points table for the visa classes (189, 190, and 489)

1. Age

Note: Candidates 45 years and above are not eligible for the program. If your age is 24 years ten months, it is counted as 24 until your next birthday.

2. English Language Skills
For Overseas skilled employment
For Australian skilled employment
Note:
  • Points can be claimed if the employment is in your designated occupation or closely related to the skilled occupation; and you were employed for the applicable periods set out in the table, in the ten years before you are invited to apply.
  • Whereas for Australian employment, you must have a substantive visa (that allows you to remain temporarily in Australia) or Bridging A or Bridging B These visas must be complied with the conditions of that visa to be qualified for points.
  • Employed hours must be at least 20 hours per week
Closely related occupation includes:
    1. Same ANZSCO Unit group
    2. Consistent with a professional advancement pathway
    3. Perceived by authorized personnel
  • The maximum points awarded under this section is 20

4. Educational Qualification

5. Specialist education qualification

The postgraduate degree (Masters or Doctorate) must be awarded from an Australian educational institution. It must have at least two academic years of study in science, technology, engineering, mathematics or other specified information and ICT fields.

6. Australian Study Requirement

  • Must be closely related to the designated occupation
  • Completed over at least 12 months period
  • Recognized by an authorized organisation

7. Credentialed Community Language

To be Credentialed in a community language and qualified for the award of points, you must be accredited at the paraprofessional level or above, certified provisional level or above, or have a community language certification for interpreting by the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters.

8. Study in regional Australia

9. Spouse Skill Points

10. Nomination or sponsorship